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Suit Alleges BitMEX Chiefs ‘Looted’ More Than $440M From Exchange After Finding Out About Probes

5 years 11 months ago

The top officers of HDR, the parent company of crypto trading platform BitMEX, which has been charged with facilitating unregistered trading and other violations, systematically looted $440,308,400 from HDR accounts, a civil lawsuit claims. A spokesperson for HDR called the claims “spurious.”

  • The suit, filed on behalf of plaintiffs BMA LLC, Yaroslav Kolchin and Vitaly Dubinin, seeks an order of attachment against HDR assets, while claims against HDR are being litigated.
  • “While being keenly aware of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and Department of Justice (“DOJ”) investigations and imminently forthcoming civil and criminal charges, and while preparing to go on a lam from the U.S. authorities, Defendants Hayes, Delo and Reed looted about $440,308,400 of proceeds of various nefarious activities that took place on the BitMEX platform from Defendant HDR accounts,” the suit alleges.
  • The suit claims the alleged looting occured to reduce the amount of assets that could be seized by authorities when charges were brought.
  • An attached exhibit did not specify how the funds were seized, but alleged that the executives began diverting BitMEX’s profits after becoming aware of possible charges in 2019.
  • On Oct. 1, U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Department of Justice both announced charges against BitMEX, one of the biggest crypto derivatives trading platforms, and its senior executives.
  • A spokesperson for HDR Global Trading Limited denied the claims, saying: “Pavel Pogodin of “Consensus Law” has filed a series of increasingly spurious claims against us, and others in the cryptocurrency sector. We will deal with this through the normal litigation process and remain entirely confident the courts will see his claims for what they are.”

UPDATE: 00:50 UTC 11/01/20. Adds HDR’s denial of the claims.

Read also: BitMEX Exchange Hires First Compliance Chief After US Charges

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BitMEX Chiefs ‘Looted’ More Than $440M From Exchange After Finding Out About Probes, Suit Alleges

5 years 11 months ago

The top officers of HDR, the parent company of crypto trading platform BitMEX, which has been charged with facilitating unregistered trading and other violations, systematically looted $440,308,400 from HDR accounts, a civil lawsuit claims. A spokesperson for HDR called the claims “spurious.”

  • The suit, filed on behalf of plaintiffs BMA LLC, Yaroslav Kolchin and Vitaly Dubinin, seeks an order of attachment against HDR assets, while claims against HDR are being litigated.
  • “While being keenly aware of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and Department of Justice (“DOJ”) investigations and imminently forthcoming civil and criminal charges, and while preparing to go on a lam from the U.S. authorities, Defendants Hayes, Delo and Reed looted about $440,308,400 of proceeds of various nefarious activities that took place on the BitMEX platform from Defendant HDR accounts,” the suit alleges.
  • The suit claims the alleged looting occured to reduce the amount of assets that could be seized by authorities when charges were brought.
  • An attached exhibit did not specify how the funds were seized, but alleged that the executives began diverting BitMEX’s profits after becoming aware of possible charges in 2019.
  • On Oct. 1, U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Department of Justice both announced charges against BitMEX, one of the biggest crypto derivatives trading platforms, and its senior executives.
  • A spokesperson for HDR Global Trading Limited denied the claims, saying: “Pavel Pogodin of “Consensus Law” has filed a series of increasingly spurious claims against us, and others in the cryptocurrency sector. We will deal with this through the normal litigation process and remain entirely confident the courts will see his claims for what they are.”

UPDATE: 00:50 UTC 11/01/20. Adds HDR’s denial of the claims.

Read also: BitMEX Exchange Hires First Compliance Chief After US Charges

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US Banks May Seek to Partner With or Buy Crypto Custodians, OCC’s Brooks Says

5 years 11 months ago

U.S. banks are looking at ways to handle crypto adoption in the wake of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s (OCC) July decision to allow banks to provide custody for cryptocurrencies, Acting Comptroller Brian Brooks said in a podcast. That may mean partnering with or purchasing custodians, he said.

  • Speaking on Laura Shin’s Unchained podcast earlier this week, Brooks said “Well, what I have heard…a number of big crypto custodians Anchorage, Coinbase, and a number of others, have been contacted by banks about whether they’d be willing to be like the third-party custody providers for national banks whose customers want to invest in bitcoin.”
  • Brooks speculated that due to the complexity of being a custodian, banks will seek to partner with or outright buy custodians to handle the cryptocurrencies invested with them.
  • “What they’ll want to do is either buy crypto custodians, or partner with crypto custodians to provide those services on their behalf and now they can legally do that,” Brooks said.
  • Brooks also said the move by banks to offer crypto will increase the comfort level of retail investors with the asset and lead to further gains, saying, “I think the demand increase is going to be noticeable.”

Read also: PayPal Said to Be in Talks to Buy Crypto Firms Including BitGo: Bloomberg

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China Should Take Part in Creating Global Regulatory Framework for Digital Currency, Xi Says

5 years 11 months ago

Chinese President Jinping Xi said China should proactively participate in creating the international regulatory framework on digital currency.

  • “We need to take advantage of the momentum and accelerate the digitalization of various fields including our economy, society and government, as well as proactively participate in creating the international regulatory framework on digital currency and digital tax,” Xi said in his statement on Saturday titled Issues on National Medium and Long-Term Social and Economic Strategies. 
  • The statement came days after China’s central bank released the proposed banking law to legalize its national virtual currency and ban any other yuan-pegged tokens in the country.
  • The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) sped up the development of the digital yuan last year when the U.S. social media giant Facebook unveiled the plan to launch its digital currency Libra backed by fiat currencies from several major economies excluding China.
  • A slew of countries and international organizations have started working on a global legal framework to regulate cryptocurrencies and prevent regulatory arbitrage.
  •  The U.S. Department of Justice released its enforcement framework on crypto with a focus on international crypto exchanges in October, while global institutions such as the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are investigating the impact of stablecoins.
  • PBOC has conducted mass arrests and shut down online gambling sites for activities involving the tether (USDT) stablecoin a week ago. Seventy-seven suspects have been arrested and three gambling sites have been shuttered.
  • The Chinese police froze bank accounts over crypto and fiat assets tainted by illicit activity in June. Some Chinese crypto buyers and sellers, and market makers such as over-the-counter trading desks (OTC) were affected by the investigation.
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$14K: Bitcoin Briefly Hits Highest Level Since January 2018

5 years 11 months ago

Bitcoin has soared to a 33-month high above $14,000, showing resilience amid growing instability in the traditional markets.

  • The top cryptocurrency by market value reached $14,047 around 10:05 UTC on Saturday – the highest level since January 2018, according to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index.
  • Earlier this week, bitcoin narrowly missed breaching the June 2019 high of $13,880 and faced selling pressure as global stock markets registered sharp losses as concerns over the resurgent coronavirus spiked.
  • However, the downside was restricted to above $13,000 even as classic haven assets like gold fell to one-month lows near $1,860 amid the dollar strength.
  • Stocks have just seen both their worst week and month since March.
  • Bitcoin’s defense of $13,000 and a quick rise to 33-month highs is perhaps not surprising.
  • Market sentiment has been buoyed by several public companies’ recent disclosures of bitcoin treasury investments.
  • “Bitcoin currently has a very strong underlying bid from institutions,” trader and analyst Nick Cote told CoinDesk.
  • If the cryptocurrency manages to establish a foothold above the June 2019 high of $13,880, the focus would shift to the daily chart resistance range at $15,800–$16,000.
  • At press time, bitcoin had dropped back to $13,993, but is still up over 25% for October – the biggest monthly rise since April.

Also read: Bitcoin Traders Can Now Bet on $40K Price With New Deribit Options

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$14K: Bitcoin Hits Highest Level Since January 2018

5 years 11 months ago

Bitcoin has soared to a 33-month high above $14,000, showing resilience amid growing instability in the traditional markets.

  • The top cryptocurrency by market value reached $14,047 around 10:05 UTC on Saturday – the highest level since January 2018, according to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index.
  • Earlier this week, bitcoin narrowly missed breaching the June 2019 high of $13,880 and faced selling pressure as global stock markets registered sharp losses as concerns over the resurgent coronavirus spiked.
  • However, the downside was restricted to above $13,000 even as classic haven assets like gold fell to one-month lows near $1,860 amid the dollar strength.
  • Stocks have just seen both their worst week and month since March.
  • Bitcoin’s defense of $13,000 and a quick rise to 33-month highs is perhaps not surprising.
  • Market sentiment has been buoyed by several public companies’ recent disclosures of bitcoin treasury investments.
  • “Bitcoin currently has a very strong underlying bid from institutions,” trader and analyst Nick Cote told CoinDesk.
  • If the cryptocurrency manages to establish a foothold above the June 2019 high of $13,880, the focus would shift to the daily chart resistance range at $15,800–$16,000.
  • At press time, bitcoin had dropped back to $13,993, but is still up over 25% for October – the biggest monthly rise since April.

Also read: Bitcoin Traders Can Now Bet on $40K Price With New Deribit Options

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Crypto Lender Celsius Taps Horizen for ‘Proof-of-Reserves’ Proof of Concept

5 years 11 months ago

Crypto lender Celsius is producing a series of experiments over the next few months that would test what it would look like for the company to decentralize some of its operations. 

The centralized finance (CeFi) stalwart is working with Horizen, a platform that develops and maintains the privacy token ZEN, to take a look at creating a proof-of-reserves system using Horizen’s zero-knowledge proofs.

“The biggest challenge in DeFi [decentralized finance] is transparency,” said Nuke Goldstein, chief technology officer at Celsius. “How do we show the world that the numbers that we report are real?”

Related: ETH Gobbles Up Larger Share of Genesis Loan Book as Trading Firms Feast on DeFi Summer

The proof-of-reserves pilot would take the information that appears on Celsius’ website and have it fed from a Horizen sidechain as opposed to Celsius’ internal servers. The application would show total customer assets per coin type at first and eventually share Celsius transaction data encrypted by Horizen’s zero-knowledge-proof toolkit so as to not reveal the personally identifiable information of customers.

That said, the proof of reserves wouldn’t give customers a look into what portion of Celsius’ lending portfolio is unsecured; what portion of depositors’ funds have been invested in derivatives contracts rather than in loans; or the amount of collateral pledged by borrowers that is being rehypothecated (i.e. lent out) by Celsius.

Read more: What Crypto Lender Celsius Isn’t Telling Its Depositors

Nic Carter, co-founder of Castle Island Ventures and Coin Metrics, has written extensively about proof of reserves and is advocating for every crypto custody firm to adopt the transparency measure. 

Related: Leaked Recordings Suggest Crypto Lender Babel Leveraged Users’ Funds in Longing Bitcoin

“Because I’ve never seen a proof of reserves for a lender before, it’s difficult to conceptualize what they’re trying to do,” Carter said via email. “ZK-proofs for PoR I’m familiar with, but they are a bit black-boxy. I’ve never seen them deployed in the wild.”

Celsius failed to provide a wireframe of the concept. CTO Goldstein added: 

“The full implementation will automate reserve tracking directly from blockchain feeds and retain the privacy of individual accounts so that account data cannot be reverse-engineered.” 

The company is going to start offering these solutions on the retail side of its loan book first, Goldstein added.

Celsius will also subject these proofs-of-concept to hackathons in the Celsius community. 

“We’re going to wrap the ideas and technology in such a way that we can share with the community and say, ‘Try to find holes in this, try to find what’s wrong with this,’” Goldstein said. “And if you find something, we pay you for it.” 

It will be years however before customers see these applications in production, Goldstein said. 

“It’s a long process but these phases will get us closer,” he said.

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Market Wrap: Bitcoin Tests $13.6K as DeFi Total Value Locked Dips Below $11B

5 years 11 months ago

Bitcoin capped the week weaker while DeFi crypto locked dipped.

  • Bitcoin (BTC) trading around $13,354 as of 20:00 UTC (4 p.m. ET). Gaining 0.14% over the previous 24 hours.
  • Bitcoin’s 24-hour range: $13,191-$13,663
  • BTC above its 10-day and 50-day moving averages, a bullish signal for market technicians.

The price of bitcoin was able to muster a rise to as high as $13,663 Friday, according to CoinDesk 20 data. However, the world’s oldest cryptocurrency subsequently lost some steam and settled to $13,354 as of press time.

Read More: Deribit Sees Record Bitcoin Options Volume as Activity in $36K Calls Surge

Related: Bitcoin Developers Still Divided on Specifics of Taproot Activation

Michaeal Gord, chief executive officer for trading firm Global Digital Assets, said he expects the bitcoin market to cool ahead of uncertain fundamentals next week. “I think we’ll probably stay sideways until the [Nov. 3 U.S. presidential] election, with most investors taking a wait-and-see approach,” he said.

However, Gord said he anticipates things will pick up amid coronavirus concerns on the global economy. 

“As more countries enter a second lockdown, governments will need to print more fiat currency to keep their economies afloat, which I expect to result in an increasing demand for alternative assets over the next few weeks,” he said. 

Volumes on major USD/BTC spot exchanges are shaping up to be higher than average the past month Friday. Daily average volume has been $494,925.493 the past 30 days, while Friday was at $700,217,632 as of press time.

Related: Deribit Sees Record Bitcoin Options Volume as Activity in $36K Calls Surge

While higher than average volumes might indicate a potential price move upward, it’s possible equities will be taking the front seat in how bitcoin performs in the near term. 

“For most of the pandemic, BTC remained correlated with equities,” noted Andrew Ballinger, an investment analyst at crypto-focused firm Wave Financial. Indeed, correlations between bitcoin and the S&P 500 seem to be rising as stock sell-offs or tepid days had an impact on the cryptocurrency market.

“I wouldn’t be fully honest if I said I didn’t believe a major downturn in equities would have no effect on the still-nascent digital asset economy,” Ballinger added. Major stocks indices are in the red on Friday.

Despite the possibly negative influence of stocks on crypto, Ballinger has a bullish forecast. “Short of a significant and swift hit to the equity markets, I still stand by my prediction of bitcoin hitting $14,000 before year end,” Ballinger said. “With continued uncertainty surrounding the economic recovery, investors may turn to digital currencies over equities, and test the ‘digital gold’ thesis of bitcoin further.”

DeFi value locked drops

The second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, ether (ETH), was down Friday trading around $383 and slipping 1.9% in 24 hours as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET). 

Read More: Ethereum Developers Pencil In January for Eth 1.x ‘Berlin’ Hard Fork

The amount of cryptocurrency “locked” in decentralized finance (DeFi), known as total value locked, or TVL, is trending downward. On Friday, the amount of crypto TVL dipped below $11 billion. The last time TVL was at this level was back on Oct. 8.

Over-the-counter crypto trader Alessandro Andreotti said the DeFi TVL decline is only temporary because of bitcoin’s price closing in on 2020 highs. “I think it’s only a momentary downtrend since bitcoin is on the spotlight for now. We’re gonna see new highs for DeFi and crypto in general after the U.S. election,” he said.

Other markets

Digital assets on the CoinDesk 20 are mixed, mostly red Friday. Notable winners as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET):

Notable losers:

Read More: Uniswap’s $40M Governance Has Some UNI Holders Fear for Price

Commodities:

  • Oil was down 1.4%. Price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude: $38.58.
  • Gold was in the green 0.57% and at $1,878 as of press time.

Treasurys:

  • U.S. Treasury bond yields all climbed Friday. Yields, which move in the opposite direction as price, were up most on the two-year bond, jumping to 0.156 and in the green 6.6%.
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Desperation Among Filecoin Miners Creating a Big Market for FIL Borrowing

5 years 11 months ago

Filecoin miners are paying large investors an annual percentage rate as high as 40% to borrow FIL, the closely-held native token required to participate in the decentralized storage network.

This dynamic has created a lending market and is leading to more questions about Filecoin’s economic model. 

The lack of liquidity in tokens required to mine on the proof-of-stake storage network is forcing desperate miners to borrow FIL rather than going into the open market to purchase tokens. The token’s price skyrocketed to $114 when the mainnet launched Oct. 15, settling at around $28 as of press time. However, that is still too rich for many miners who have already invested a lot of money in hardware rigs to support the network. 

Related: ETH Gobbles Up Larger Share of Genesis Loan Book as Trading Firms Feast on DeFi Summer

One of those leading the way in brokering these deals is the accredited investor portal CoinList. Matthieu Jobbe Duval, the company’s head of financial products, confirmed to CoinDesk the firm is making deals that pay an annual percentage yield of 40% over a three-month term for FIL liquidity. “Everybody’s looking for filecoin for a very simple reason,” Duval said. “There are very few tokens out there because the investments in the [initial coin offering] were done with a vesting schedule.” 

The Filecoin blockchain, from Protocol Labs, includes decentralized file storage (the Interplanetary File System, or IPFS) and a content distribution network. It went live on Oct. 15.

Read more: Filecoin Launch Finally Brings $200M ICO to Fruition

Every day a smart contract on the Filecoin blockchain gives investors a small amount of FIL over the course of six months. Or one year. Or three years. It depends on the vesting agreed to by investors. Duval says hundreds of Filecoin investors are participating in the CoinList lending program, some of whom invested millions of dollars in the project and therefore have a generous amount even though the tokens are still vesting. 

Related: Iran Amends Law to Allow Imports to Be Funded With Cryptocurrency

Brian Mosoff, CEO of Canada-based investment firm Ether Capital, is a large holder of filecoin. Recently, he told CoinDesk rates for lending FIL to miners was initially at 8% but then went up to 15%. This week, the rate skyrocketed to 40% and Mosoff decided on Thursday to lend 3,500 FIL worth $98,000 at current prices. 

“I think one thing that went on here is that miners in China took out loans to buy gear without mining an appropriate amount,” Mosoff told CoinDesk. “They are screwed so they have no choice but to borrow – or buy – to mine and service the loans.”

Here’s how the loans work: Miners (or FIL market liquidity providers like trading desks, which are also participating, according to CoinList) borrow the FIL instead of buying it at expensive spot prices. The return to a lender is in the form of FIL tokens on a percentage basis, sometimes as high as 40%. The hope from the miners’ perspective is the price of FIL continues to experience sell pressure when the loan matures, according to Mosoff. “They pay back the loan in either mined FIL or open market purchase at lower price,” he said.

Filecoin miners have very specialized equipment and they require the FIL token for collateral as a trust mechanism in order to complete “deals” to provide storage for users. The more space miners provide, the more tokens they need. This development came after some Filecoin miners demanded more reward tokens as part of a readjustment of the economic model by Protocol Labs. 

The Filecoin project’s IPFS is a distributed rival to Amazon’s S3 or Google Cloud storage product. However, while Amazon S3, for example, is centralized with a standard client-server model, Filecoin upends this by using miners as its storage hosts. The goal is to reduce storage costs and provide censorship resistance. In return, miners are paid in filecoin but ironically, some of the biggest potential participants are getting a raw deal since they don’t own enough FIL to stake.

On its website, Filecoin advertises that “the more storage you add, the more filecoin you’ll earn”. According to data aggregator Filfox, some top miners are currently making 10,000 FIL a day. But market dynamics are making it such that the largest of the operators just can’t get enough of it cheaply to run their businesses.

A highly touted project, Filecoin raised over $200 million in an initial coin offering back in 2017 and is backed by Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, and Union Square Ventures among other investors. When asked for comment on the liquidity dynamics of FIL, a representative for Protocol Labs did not provide a statement as of press time. 

Read more: FIL Miners Force Filecoin to Speed Up Token Rewards Following Mainnet Launch

CoinList’s Duval characterizes the FIL lending rates as a short-term situation – lending terms are generally three months – because miners consistently hash on the network. “It’s just a temporary phase,” Duval said. ”Miners won’t need to borrow filecoin in the long run because they’re going to have so many FIL rewards as collateral.” 

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MakerDAO Members Voting on a Safeguard Against BProtocol Flash Loan-Type Attack

5 years 11 months ago
  • The MakerDAO community is voting Friday on a proposal to change its governance system to harden it against flash loan attacks.
  • This proposal comes after the team from BProtocol flash borrowed $7 million worth of MKR tokens from derivatives platform dYdX to swing a vote on Maker in their own favor.
  • MakerDAO’s MKR token is required to vote on changes to the DeFi platform.
  • According to a MakerDAO forum post, the proposed fix extends the delay between a proposal’s passing and its implementation from 12 hours to 72 hours, which would give the community enough time to review and veto an unfair vote.
  • Additionally, the proposal would also deactivate two modules that allow users to freeze Maker’s liquidation engine and its oracle service.
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Bitcoin Developers Still Divided on Specifics of Taproot Activation

5 years 11 months ago

The code for Taproot, Bitcoin’s biggest upgrade in years, is finalized and has been packaged into a forthcoming update. Only, it’s not ready to be deployed yet because Bitcoin developers have differing opinions on the best route to activation.

Taproot will enhance Bitcoin’s smart contract capabilities by implementing a new digital signature scheme, Schnorr. Implementing the upgrade requires a “soft fork” of Bitcoin’s code, and there are a few competing proposals for how to activate it.

In a bid to expedite implementation discussions, Bitcoin Core contributor A.J. Towns recently surveyed 12 other developers who have been active in the implementation process to glean their thoughts on what activation should look like.

Related: Market Wrap: Bitcoin Tests $13.6K as DeFi Total Value Locked Dips Below $11B

Read more: Bitcoin’s Future: Exactly How a Coming Upgrade Could Improve Privacy and Scaling

The results of the survey show that, while developers are generally aligned when it comes to the big picture of Taproot’s activation, they disagree on the details. As they debate the finer points, the developer’s conservative, careful deliberation may seem like nitpicking to outsiders. 

But it shows that so-called “soft-fork” upgrades like Taproot are not entirely riskless events – and that the specter of the controversial Segwit soft fork has haunted discussions.

Taproot activation proposals, explained

The Segwit transaction load increase was Bitcoin’s last soft fork, or an upgrade that is “backwards compatible,” meaning software running the old version of the code can still interact with the upgraded version.

Related: Ethereum Developers Pencil In January for Eth 1.x ‘Berlin’ Hard Fork

Segwit’s activation was anything but smooth and relied on tweaks along the way after miners failed to adopt the upgrade in its first year. To keep the upgrade from failing, a new implementation proposal was adopted in the middle of the activation process. In an effort to put pressure on miners to upgrade, one proposal even suggested that node operators – those Bitcoin users who run Bitcoin’s software and keep a copy of its ledger –  reject transactions from the miners who hadn’t updated to SegWit to expedite its adoption.

Read more: Taproot Has Been Merged Into Bitcoin Core: Here’s What That Means

In a perfect world, both node users and miners would upgrade simultaneously to ensure no conflict would “split” the chain – or result in two rival factions supporting two different versions of Bitcoin’s code. 

Even though Taproot is a non-controversial upgrade, the memory of Segwit is making developers cautious when evaluating this latest upgrade.

Two proposals

Two of the leading implementation proposals for Taproot rely on a mix of miner signaling and user activation. BIP 8, introduced in 2017 by Bitcoin developers Luke Dashjr and Shoalinfry, would include a signaling period for miners; if enough miners don’t activate to reach consensus on the upgrade, then a “flag day” for activation would automatically upgrade Bitcoin nodes that have downloaded v0.21 of Bitcoin Core.  

These nodes would reject blocks and transactions from miners who do not support Taproot, so in theory, this method would incentivize miners to adopt the new ruleset lest they lose out on profits. 

In a second Taproot implementation proposal, Core developer Matt Corallo’s Modern Softfork Activation, fuses BIP 8 with BIP 9 (the latter being the proposal originally adopted to activate Segwit but which proved inadequate). 

Corallo’s hybrid model first includes a one-year signaling period for miners. Second, if a super-majority of miners does not update during this timeframe, then the upgrade would be subject to a six-month review to make changes (if any) to the proposal. 

The third and final step is a BIP 8-style activation period of two years, with a non-mandatory flag-day for node users to activate the update.

What Bitcoin developers think

For the first question in his survey, AJ Towns asks developers what percentage of miners need to signal an upgrade for it to be considered a safe majority. Eight believe that nothing less than 85%-95% would be sufficient. The thinking is that anything less threatens a network “split” where some miners run the older code and some the newer code, which would create two conflicting transaction histories.

Failing a miner-signalled activation, seven respondents think a flag day for node-enforced activation could come as soon as 12-18 months after activation begins. If too few miners adopt the upgrade, this would mean nodes could enforce the Taproot ruleset and only accept blocks from miners who also signaled for the upgrade. 

In a perfect world, both node users and miners would upgrade simultaneously to ensure no conflict would “split” the chain – or result in two rival factions supporting two different versions of Bitcoin’s code.

Almost all of the developers surveyed want to wait to see if miners and users adopt the upgrade on their own before deciding on a hard date for flag day (if there’s enough early support, a flag day may not be necessary at all).

If activation doesn’t come to pass through voluntary activation, then a flag day activation is the last option on the table. Most respondents were in favor of a mandatory flag day to automatically signal the update. This would mean updated nodes would reject blocks from miners who haven’t signaled for the upgrade.

Disagreements on the finer details

So-called forced signaling through the flag day would have the benefit of making Taproot default on any Bitcoin Core node running v.21; in turn, these nodes would only accept block data from miners who have also signaled the update, so in theory this would encourage miners to upgrade lest they lose their business.

But what if the miners have node users who do accept their blocks? 

This is one caveat to forced signaling: If too many miners and node users don’t accept Taproot and refuse to update their software, then the network could split into two competing chains. If enough economic interest backs the “old” version of Bitcoin, then the result could be two competing assets.

This outcome is partly why some developers, like Matt Corallo, think that forced signaling is unnecessary. 

Since Taproot has been largely uncontroversial, it would be a political risk to force signal the upgrade, he argues. He considers the activation method a relic of Segwit’s “user-activated soft fork,” a proposal to activate Segwit through similar means after miners failed to adopt the upgrade. Segwit was very controversial and political. Taproot is not, but Corallo believes enforced signalling threatens to make it that way.

In his post, Towns writes the mandatory signaling would be a way to definitively enforce Taproot’s network-wide activation after enough consensus has been established through discussion and miner support. 

“If you want to maximize the number of nodes that will enforce the rules should a flag day occur, but also only choose the flag day after an initial activation attempt is already widely deployed, then you have no choice but to make signaling mandatory when the flag day occurs,” Towns writes. 

What’s the holdup?

Towns introduces an alternative activation proposal in the survey which features a four-year activation time frame. As ever in Bitcoin development discussion, this, too, received some pushback.  

“Once the decision to activate has overwhelming support from developers and users, the longer the timeframe for activation (beyond that practically required for miners to safely upgrade) the more things that can go wrong,” former Bitcoin Core developer Eric Lombrozo said to Towns on Twitter.

Risks aside, if most developers and Bitcoiners think Taproot is a shoe-in for an upgrade, it shouldn’t take four years to activate, especially since it has already been so-long in the making.

After all, if Taproot’s been in the works since 2018, shouldn’t miners and node operators know what to expect?

As Blockstream CEO Adam Back put it on Twitter, “Taproot can’t be a surprise after several years.”

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Prime Broker Bequant Adds Risk-Monitoring Service in Push for Added Compliance

5 years 11 months ago

Bequant is adding New York-based Solidus Labs’ surveillance tools to its digital asset services business.

Solidus Labs serves several crypto exchanges, including New York-based BlockQuake and Hong Kong-based AAX. Bequant will be one of its first prime broker clients. The London-based Bequant has been rapidly adding features to its service as other firms enter the market to capture new institutional investors buying digital assets. 

Bequant is integrating both transaction surveillance and market surveillance for the exchange and prime brokerage sides of its business. The partnership will help Bequant pursue its license in Malta, said COO Sergiu Frasineanu.

Related: Bequant Adds Services to Its Crypto Prime Brokerage Offering

Read more: Bequant, Now in Crowded Prime Brokerage Race, Adds Signature Bank Integration

“This type of risk monitoring is critical for any exchange trying to be regulated,” Frasineanu said.

Bequant also contributed to the development of a code of conduct for market integrity led by Solidus Labs and Global Digital Finance, a digital currency advocacy group.

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Overstock Touts Voatz Blockchain Voting App as Solution to US Election Fracas

5 years 11 months ago

Days before a U.S. presidential election marred by court fights over vote counting and partisan allegations of rampant mail-in ballot fraud, Overstock.com is once again touting what it calls a solution: blockchain voting.

“If [voting] doesn’t work as well as it should, next week think about how Voatz could have solved that,” Overstock chief Jonathan Johnson told investors during OSTK’s Oct. 29 earnings call.

Johnson, who is also president of Overstock’s blockchain investments subsidiary Medici Ventures, was referring to the Medici-backed mobile voting app Voatz, which claims to use blockchain technology to secure users’ vote.

Related: Overstock’s Medici Ventures Invests $8M in Blockchain Firm Bitt

Read more: Downvoted: Security Researchers Slam Voatz Over Stance on White-Hat Hackers

Elections officials in 29 of America’s 3,141 counties have allowed certain absentee voters to cast ballots via Voatz in past elections, Johnson said. He noted that one county in Utah is using Voatz in next week’s contest. More partners are on the way, he said.

Johnson’s comments suggest that Medici sees an even wider opening for its mobile voting company in the wake of next week’s election. Voting experts are anticipating a messy and lengthy vote count that could cloud the rhetorically charged presidential race with yet more uncertainty.

Whether Voatz works as well as it should is similarly uncertain.

Related: Trump Campaign Website Hit by Hackers Touting Crypto Scam

MIT security researchers blasted the app’s cybersecurity safeguards in a February 2020 paper that the company called unfair and inaccurate. Voatz said at the time it had addressed vulnerabilities identified in a separate U.S. Department of Homeland Security cyber audit.

See also: US Postal Service Envisions Blockchain-Backed Mail-In Voting

There have been other hiccups, too. Weeks prior to MIT’s report, a Voatz service outage threatened to derail Tufts University’s student senate races. Elections officials at the school fear the shutdown may have depressed turnout. Voatz called that outage “precautionary.”

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INX to List on Canadian Securities Exchange Following IPO

5 years 11 months ago

The INX cryptocurrency and security token exchange intends to trade on the Canadian Securities Exchange once it wraps up its initial public offering.

  • INX’s digital security offering, the first such IPO registered with U.S. regulators, intends to raise $117 million from U.S. investors.
  • Company leads say the CSE listing will be a boon for liquidity.
  • The news follows INX’s Oct. 27 acquisition of alternative trading system OpenFinance.
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Ethereum Developers Pencil In January for Eth 1.x ‘Berlin’ Hard Fork

5 years 11 months ago

Ethereum’s “Berlin” hard fork remains a few months away at best, according to the All Core Developers bi-weekly call held Friday. A soft target of January is now in the works, following the planned launch of the Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain in December.

Berlin is a hard fork of the current Eth 1.x proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain. The systemwide upgrade – which includes low-level changes for improving the original mainchain while Eth 2.0 is under construction – was originally planned for July, but was pushed back this summer due to burnout of client employees and a perceived need for higher client diversity.

Since then, the process for including Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) and which ones will end up in the hard fork has shifted. 

Related: Audius, the ‘Decentralized Spotify,’ Is Moving Part of Its Service to Solana Blockchain

Berlin was scheduled to have three EIPs as of June:

  • EIP-2315: Simple Subroutines for the EVM
  • EIP-2929: Gas cost increases for state access opcodes
  • EIP-2537: BLS12–381 curve operations

However, EIP-2537 will no longer be included in Berlin. That EIP would make it easier for the Eth 2.0 blockchain and Eth 1.x blockchain to speak with each other by using a similar cryptographic setup. 

Read more: Ethereum Developers Delay Berlin Hard Fork to Stem Client Centralization Concerns

The two other EIPs will be included in a short-run testnet dubbed “YOLO v3” set to release in the upcoming weeks.

Related: The Graph Raises $12M in GRT Token Sale; Teases Mainnet Launch in 30-60 Days

Other important EIPs such as EIP-1559, which restructures Ethereum’s transaction model, will not be included in Berlin.

Watch a recording of the call below:

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Blockchain Bites: Ripple’s MoneyGram Pump, OKEx’s Bitcoin Cash Plan, Bitcoin’s Birthday

5 years 11 months ago

Ripple has invested over $50 million in remittance firm MoneyGram over the course of the firms’ working relationship. Forbes published an investigation detailing the byzantine corporate structure Binance may have created to avoid U.S. regulations. Ether grew as a share of Genesis Capital’s total loan book. 

Top shelf

No offenses
Investors who say they lost around £100,000 ($130,000) in an alleged cryptocurrency Ponzi scheme will not see remuneration after bringing their claims to the police. According to an investigation by the Metro newspaper published Tuesday, a number of investors said they had invested in a cryptocurrency project called Lyfcoin on promises of hefty returns, but had not received their money back. West Midlands Police dropped the case, however, saying none of the evidence provided took the case “further forward” and, the Metro said, “no offenses had been committed.”

Funding remittance firm
MoneyGram has received over $52 million for providing “market development fees” for blockchain payments firm Ripple, since the firms struck a working relationship. In Q3 2020, Ripple invested over $9.3 million in the remittance firm, following a $15.1 million injection made the previous quarter, according to Moneygram’s latest financial report. MoneyGram has described the market development fees as compensation for providing liquidity to Ripple’s On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) network – its payments product using the XRP cryptocurrency to send money across borders.

Related: Money Reimagined: Who Are the Real Monsters?

Byzantine Binance
Binance Holdings Limited created a corporate plan for profiting from the U.S. market while avoiding the country’s regulatory scrutiny, Forbes reported Thursday, citing a 2018 document it obtained. The leaked presentation outlines a web of U.S.-compliant entities that would funnel revenue to Binance, which is currently unregulated to operate in the U.S. The Forbes article included a screenshot of a slide but not the entire deck. Binance CEO Changpeng “CZ” Zhao disputes the reporting, claiming the draft came from an affiliated third party. U.S. affiliate Binance.US operates under a corporate structure similar to the proposed network, according to Forbes. Binance.US CEO Catherine Cooley has long refused to discuss Binance.US’s ownership.

Huawei’s DC/EP hardwar
China’s digital yuan looks closer than ever to launch with the news that Huawei will be supporting the central bank digital currency (CBDC) on an upcoming range of phones. Announced on Huawei’s Weibo channel Friday, the Mate 40 line of devices will feature a built-in hardware wallet with “hardware-level security, controllable anonymous protection, and dual offline transactions,” the tech giant said. In recent weeks, a public trial in the city of Shenzhen saw 10 million digital yuan given away to residents in a kind of lottery. The Mate 40 was announced in October and will be the latest flagship from Huawei, along with the Pro and Pro Plus models, according to TechRadar.

Ether shares
Genesis Capital saw the share of bitcoin in its loan portfolio drop as the share of ether loans increased to 12.4% of its total loan book this quarter. According to the lender’s report, this was mainly due to liquidity mining on DeFi protocols such as Compound, Aave and Uniswap. DeFi interest rate arbitrage drove Genesis – which is wholly owned by CoinDesk parent company Digital Currency Group – clients to borrow ETH and stablecoins to “lever up liquidity mining strategies,” the company wrote. Total trading volume in the third quarter was $4.5 billion, down from $5.25 billion in the second quarter but up by 285% from the third quarter last year. 

Quick bites

“That most people still hate bitcoin isn’t a bad thing,” writes Dylan Grice of Calderwood Capital. The Economist gives an introduction to bitcoin by comparing it to a posh London club known primarily for turning away Mick Jagger at the door.

Related: First Mover: Bitcoin Heads for 24% October Gain as US Election Countdown Begins

Citing high gas fees and slow blocktimes, Audius said it will migrate part of its system to Solana’s blockchain from an Ethereum sidechain. Staking and governance functionality will remain on Ethereum. (CoinDesk)

A margin change in FTX’s TRUMP future’s contract indicates traders are factoring in President Donald Trump’s diminishing chances of reelection come Nov. 3. (CoinDesk)

OKEx, still paralyzed by founder’s arrest, details plans for a bitcoin cash hard fork. (CoinDesk)

Market intel

Hashrate & fees
The average price of a transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain is now  0.00086764 BTC (~$11.66), the highest since June 2018. This represents a 573% increase over the past 12 days. The spike in fees comes amid a rally to yearly highs to $13,800, and as the networks number of unconfirmed transactions ticked up 1,800% reaching highs not seen since December 2018. “In other words, the mining power dedicated to approving transactions and mining blocks has gone down amid the price rally, boosting waiting times and network congestion,” CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole reports. 

At stake

Happy birthday, Bitcoin
Tomorrow marks the 12th anniversary of Bitcoin’s white paper.

Published by pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto to a small cadre of cryptographers, the eight-page conceptual proof for a fully decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system has since sparked a monetary revolution.

In the intervening years, Bitcoin has been called many things: a scam, a Ponzi scheme, dead on arrival, a joke, a tool for criminals, rat poisoned squared, a currency for geeks – and did we mention dead?

While pundits are wont to predict Bitcoin’s death, the simple ledger has remained and has even breathed new life into how societies think about money, financial access and the nebulous concept of “trust.”

Heads are turning. Yesterday, The Economist published an ode to Bitcoin saying, “Even people who are hostile to Bitcoin will concede that its technology is fiendishly clever. It is essentially a way of accounting for who has spent what. Instead of a central exchange to keep score, and to verify payments and receipts, it uses an electronic ledger that is distributed across the entire system of bitcoin users.”

Wishing Bitcoin a happy birthday, cybersecurity firm Halborn produced a video with a number of celebrities wishing it well. (It’s a bit bizarro, but well-meaning.)

In a cameo appearance, Wu-Tang Clan’s RZA said, “Ya know Bitcoin was created by the anonymous Satoshi Nakamoto doin his thang. I wanna say one thing about this – If you don’t know about it, you better know about it, because yo… at the end of the day scientists can create something, son, but the value on everything is what we put on it. The Bitcoin revolution has started.”

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Deribit Sees Record Bitcoin Options Volume as Activity in $36K Calls Surge

5 years 11 months ago

Daily volumes for bitcoin options have hit lifetime highs on crypto derivatives exchange Deribit due to increased activity in deep “out-of-the-money” (OTM) call options, or bullish bets.

  • The biggest cryptocurrency exchange by options volume has traded a record 47,000 bitcoin options contract in the past 24 hours with a notional value of more than $500 million. Also, the exchange registered the largest single trade of 8,000 contracts.
  • Call options expiring in January 2021 at strikes of $36,000 and $32,000 have contributed more than 40% of the total trading volume.
  • According to data source Skew, the $36,000 call option has seen 16,078 contracts change hands today, while the $32,000 call has registered a volume of 4,000 contracts.
  • “The originator(s) of these trades expects BTC to trade above the strike levels [$36,000] by the end of January 2020 and is willing to back this expectation with significant volume,” Luuk Strijers, CCO of Deribit, told CoinDesk in a Telegram chat.
  • However, the idea of bitcoin rising to levels above $32,000/$36,000 by the end of January appears somewhat farfetched, given the options market is currently assigning only a 14% probability of prices challenging record highs by the end of the first quarter.
  • It could be a volatility play. Trader(s) who bought call options at $36,000 and $32,000 may be anticipating a pickup in volatility before the January expiry. Volatility has a positive impact on option prices.
  • So far Friday, the highest volume has been seen in $36,000 calls expiring in January.
  • A call option gives the investor the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying asset at a predetermined price on or before a specific date. Meanwhile, a put option represents a right to sell.

Also read: Bitcoin Traders Can Now Bet on $40K Price With New Deribit Options

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Library of Congress Reports Surge in Crypto Law Searches

5 years 11 months ago

The U.S. Library of Congress’ law division has beefed up its cryptocurrency legal resources to meet a spike in demand for information on the topics.

  • The national library last week unveiled a crypto guide to help readers navigate the United States’ evolving regulatory treatment of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
  • “Recent economic and geopolitical events” have fueled readers’ heightened search interest, wrote Law Librarian-in-Residence Louis Myers in his Oct. 22 blog post.
  • Myers’ guide includes a breakdown of relevant federal regulators, tips on trawling state law resources, links to “secondary sources” and to the library’s previous research on cryptocurrency regulation around the world.
  • Library staffers did not immediately answer CoinDesk’s questions regarding the size of the search spike.
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Swiss Arm of Russia’s Gazprombank Launches Institutional Bitcoin Offerings

5 years 11 months ago

Gazprombank, a bank from the fold of Russian energy giant Gazprom, is launching institutional cryptocurrency services in Switzerland.

  • In an announcement Thursday, the regulated Swiss arm of the bank said it has now received authorization from FINMA to launch the new services, initially to a limited number of clients.
  • Gazprombank (Switzerland) will later expand the offerings to more institutional and corporate clients, providing a custody service and bitcoin trading against fiat currencies.
  • More cryptocurrencies are expected to be added later.
  • “We expect digital assets to become increasingly important in the global economy and, in particular, for our current and potential clientele,” said the bank’s CEO, Roman Abdulin.
  • The bank said it applies “specially designed” due diligence procedures to add security and ensure compliance with Swiss anti-money laundering and know-your-customer rules.
  • Gazprombank, Russia’s third-largest by net assets, has been mulling a move into cryptocurrency services for some time, saying back in 2018 that it was planning a pilot before starting serve its wealthy clients.
  • Last year, the bank and its parent firm, Gazprom, also said they had built a blockchain platform for executing business contracts and that it would soon be used digitize the gas supply process.

Also read: The Crypto Firms Collaborating on a Swiss Franc Stablecoin

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First Mover: Bitcoin Heads for 24% October Gain as US Election Countdown Begins

5 years 11 months ago

Bitcoin was lower around $13,400 though on track to gain 24% in October, an impressive performance since U.S. stocks declined 1.6% on the month and gold slid 0.5%. 

“With the U.S. election just days away, we are going to have to be patient when it comes to headwinds lifting BTC to new multi-year highs,” Matt Blom, head of sales and trading for the cryptocurrency-focused financial firm Diginex, wrote in a note to clients. 

In traditional markets, European stocks fluctuated and U.S. futures pointed to a lower open. The dollar was steady in foreign exchange markets and 10-year U.S. Treasury yields rose 0.01 percentage point to 0.83%. 

Related: Bitcoin Traders Can Now Bet on $40K Price With New Deribit Options

“Our short-term risk appetite indicator is firmly in negative territory,” said Jean-Francois Paren, head of global markets research at Credit Agricole CIB, in a note to clients, according to Bloomberg News. 

Market moves

There’s an undercurrent in the crypto industry where true believers like to paint the future of money as less about, well, money than about truth and exposing the flaws and failings and abuses and wrongs of the traditional financial system and economy.

It’s not just about getting rich. It’s about reimagining the entire system, starting from scratch with state-of-the-art technology and fresh ideas, a complete reset. 

It’s also about convincing everyone else that the mission is worthy, perhaps inevitable – on the right side of history. 

Related: Market Wrap: Bitcoin Hits $13.6K; 500K ETH Options Pile Up for December

Such is the backdrop for the latest monthly letter from Dan Morehead, a former Goldman Sachs derivatives trader and hedge-fund manger who now runs the cryptocurrency investment firm Pantera Capital in San Francisco. 

The missive includes a clever table intended to demonstrate just how succinct, concise, laconic, crisp, efficient and compact Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto was when he penned the white paper that served as the intellectual, logical, economic and mathematical foundation for the original and still-largest blockchain-cum-cryptocurrency.

Nakamoto needed just 3,192 words for the blueprint, or less than a tenth of the book of Genesis from Hebrew and Christian sacred texts. The number is half as many as it took to pen the U.S. Constitution and about 1% of Adam Smith’s seminal Wealth of Nations.

Blockchain for Dummies, a dumbed-down instructional book on blockchain, needed 20 times as many words to explain the technology as Nakamoto’s white paper. 

But aside from pointing out the elegant genius of bitcoin’s (possibly?) pseudonymous founder, the essential crypto viewpoint is one of trying to look at the world in just the right way. According to Morehead, the following chart offers a key reminder that as global economies bounce back from the coronavirus-triggered lockdowns earlier this year, the loss of output remains severe:

The point was to illustrate the lack of context for Thursday’s U.S. government report that the world’s largest economy surged 33% in the third quarter, as the lockdowns eased. To put it in market terms, it was perhaps the biggest dead-cat bounce in world history, measured in dollar terms. 

With the economy in shambles, the thinking goes, massive stimulus will be needed from the government and Federal Reserve, eventually debasing the dollar and pushing up prices for bitcoin. (Deribit, the biggest cryptocurrency options exchange, just listed a contract that allows traders to bet on a price rally to $40,000 next year, triple the current price.) 

Morehead wrote in the letter that a recent rush into bitcoin by big players like PayPal, MicroStrategy and Paul Tudor Jones might ultimately give more big players cover to follow. 

This isn’t about greed, or the future of money. It’s about right and wrong, or rather who’s right, and who’s wrong.  

“A movement doesn’t succeed because of its initial leader,” Morehead wrote. “Rather, it’s the first follower and the subsequent followers who make it work. The more who join in, the less risky it is to take part in it. Those who were on the fence before, have fewer excuses as the movement grows.” 

For anyone wondering, Pantera’s full monthly newsletter clocked in at about 3,130 words. For what it’s worth. 

Bitcoin Watch

While the market environment is currently not conducive for bullish price action in bitcoin, the cryptocurrency is unlikely to see a meteoric fall, according to analysts.

“Given the upcoming U.S. elections, and meltdown in the legacy markets, traditional investors will maintain a risk-off mindset,” trader and analyst Nick Cote told CoinDesk in a Telegram chat.

Some observers say the U.S. could face a constitutional crisis if Democratic candidate Joe Biden wins by a thin margin and President Donald Trump tries to cast doubt on the results. The election uncertainty, coupled with coronavirus resurgence in the U.S. and across Europe, has triggered risk aversion in stock markets this week and applied brakes to bitcoin’s price rally.

The anti-risk mood could prevail at least till Nov. 3. As such, Patrick Heusser, senior cryptocurrency trader at Crypto Broker AG, is calling for caution on the part of short-term speculators. “I am expecting an increase in volatility and would be careful with setting stop losses too tight,” Heusser said. “Traders should maintain a low risk profile right now.”

Bitcoin is currently trading in the red near $13,300, representing a 1% drop on the day. Should the risk aversion in traditional markets worsen, the cryptocurrency may revisit support at $12,500-$12,000.

“If prices were unable to hold the bullish throwback [bull market pullback] to $12,200-$12,000, the focus would shift to next major support levels at $11,100 and $10,800,” Cote said.

That said, a price crash looks unlikely, as major central banks are already printing massive amounts of fiat money, and the cryptocurrency is currently backed by a strong bullish narrative of increased institutional participation. 

Besides, if there are widespread lockdowns and renewed economic slowdowns, central banks are expected to step in with additional stimulus, fueling inflation fears and boosting demand for bitcoin, according to Cote.

All things considered, dips in bitcoin could be short-lived.

On the higher side, the June 2019 high of $13,880 is the immediate resistance, followed by the next daily resistance block at $15,800-$16,000. There are large offers near $14,000 on cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex, according to Heusser.

– Omkar Godbole

Token Watch

Bitcoin (BTC): Cryptocurrency’s price rally spurs increase in transactions just as end of China’s rainy season prompts bitcoin miners to pare back, creating congestion and pushing up transaction fees to the highest in 28 months.  

Bitcoin Cash (BCH): Crypto exchange OKEx, still paralyzed by founder’s arrest, details plans for how to handle November hard fork.

Uniswap (UNI): Uniswap’s $40M governance vote closes on Halloween and some holders fear for price. 

Harvest Finance (FARM): DeFi yield aggregator boosts bounty to $1M from $100K for information leading to return of $24M in funds siphoned via this week’s exploit.  

Ripple (XRP): Blockchain payments firm put $9.3M into partly-owned remittance giant MoneyGram in 3Q. 

Analogs The latest on the economy and traditional finance

ECB signals further stimulus ahead to prop up struggling economy (WSJ) 

Central banks were net sellers of gold in third quarter for first time in decade as prices neared record (Bloomberg) 

Small-cap stocks buoyed by bets on Biden-led stimulus (WSJ) 

Swiss bank Credit Suisse targets share buyback up to $1.6B even with loan-loss provisions running at 8 times the 10-year average (WSJ) 

Sales of $5M-plus homes in New York’s The Hamptons quadruple in third quarter as rich New Yorkers flee city (WSJ)  

Exxon Mobile to slash 15% of global workforce, including 1.9K jobs in U.S., as anemic economy dents oil demand (WSJ) 

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