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CoinDesk Crypto

Bitcoin Miners Saw Record $1.36B Revenue in February

5 years 7 months ago

Bitcoin miners broke a more-than-three-year-old record in February, generating $1.36 billion in revenue, up 21% from January, according to on-chain data from Coin Metrics analyzed by CoinDesk.

The previous revenue record of $1.25 billion was set in December 2017 during the peak of the cryptocurrency’s previous bull market. Last month’s surge in revenue came as bitcoin‘s price climbed during the month from $33,000 to a new all-time high of just above $58,000 before dropping sharply to $43,000 in the last week.

Revenue estimates assume miners sell their BTC immediately.

Related: Bitcoin Briefly Climbs Back Above $50K for First Time in Six Days

Measured by per terahash per second (TH/s), miner revenues bounced between $0.23 and $0.38 through February, ending the month near $0.30, per data from Luxor Technologies.

Network fees brought in $186 million in February, or 13.7% of total revenue, a significant percentage increase from the 10.3% of revenue represented by fees last month. Fee revenue hit its highest mark since January 2018, per Coin Metrics data.

Notably, fees as a percentage of total revenue continues a strong upward trend since April, prior to the network’s third-ever block subsidy halving in May. Increases in fee revenue are important to sustain the network’s security as the subsidy decreases every four years.

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Market Wrap: Bitcoin Faces Long Odds in Bid for Sixth Straight Monthly Gain

5 years 7 months ago

Bitcoin rose 7%, reversing the past few days’ losses, as some blockchain data turned bullish and new signs emerged of increasing cryptocurrency acceptancer by Wall Street firms including Goldman Sachs, Citigroup and Fidelity Investments.

  • Bitcoin (BTC) trading around $48,593.99 as of 21:00 UTC (4 p.m. ET). Climbing 8.10% over the previous 24 hours.
  • Bitcoin’s 24-hour range: $44,874.92-$49,520.72 (CoinDesk 20)
  • BTC trades above its 10-hour and 50-hour averages on the hourly chart, a bullish signal for market technicians.

Bitcoin prices surged 36% in February, marking the cryptocurrency’s fifth consecutive monthly price increase, the first time that’s happened since mid-2019. A six-month stretch of gains hasn’t been seen since the period of November 2012 through April 2013.

So the odds might seem stacked against a monthly gain in March, which would match the seven-year-old streak. But the first day of March pushed bitcoin in that direction amid signs that more big institutions are moving into cryptocurrencies.

A top executive for the giant U.S. money manager Fidelity Investments compared bitcoin with gold, and the investment bank Goldman Sachs said it will relaunch its crypto trading desk after a three-year hiatus. Citigroup, one of the biggest U.S. banks, wrote that bitcoin was at a “tipping point” as more institutions adopt the cryptocurrency.

Google Finance added a data tab on cryptocurrencies. And Michael Saylor’s MicroStrategy, which has been a big bitcoin buyer for its corporate treasury, added another $15 million worth.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

Read More: Fidelity’s Head of Global Macro Says Bitcoin May Have Place in Some Portfolios

Bullish blockchain data

The sudden move higher following last week’s 21% plunge – the biggest market correction since March 2020 – was foretold by some traders and analysts who were seeing increasingly bullish signs in blockchain data.

One such indicator, the spent output profit ratio (SOPR), represents the profit ratio of coins moved on the blockchain. If the metric is above 1, that means most holders could sell their bitcoin at a profit. But when it slips below 1, more traders would be selling at a loss, seen as unsustainable since many holders are reluctant to accept anything but profits.

And the metric dropped below 1 on Saturday for the first time since last September, according to data from Glassnode. The implication is that investors would refuse to sell until prices rose.

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

Read more: Why $1 Million Bitcoin Is Coming

“The SOPR metric has been reliable for ‘buy the dip’ opportunities in bull markets,” Norwegian blockchain firm Arcane Research wrote in a tweet on Monday.

“In a bull market, investors are more inclined to take profit until the stop-profit point and refuse any stop-loss orders,” crypto analytics account BeatleNews on Chinese-language based social media platform Weibo, wrote in a post Sunday night, “When SOPR is below 1, the available coins for sale will decrease and it becomes easier for prices to rebound.”

Key support levels

On the price chart, as bitcoin dropped near $43,000 on Sunday, it was just above a key supporting price range of $40,000-$42,000, as mapped out by Singapore-based crypto trading firm QCP Capital in its Telegram channel on Feb 22. (See chart above.)

The price range represents “the hedge fund trading level corresponding to the parabolic trendline,” QCP Capital wrote. “This has to hold to preserve the strong bullish momentum, and is now the bull and bear line in the sand.”

Derivative market resets as funding rates drop

Bitcoin’s futures markets continued to cool down over the past weekend, a sign traders were reducing risk and deleveraging, and possibly resetting for a fresh bull run. The perpetual futures funding rate – the average cost of holding long positions on major exchanges – declined to 0.006% per eight-hour period Saturday, from 0.125% on Wednesday, according to Glassnode.

The perpetual futures funding rate in the past three months, as shown on Glassnode’s chart, rose during each price surge and followed with a correction after it climbed to a new peak.

Stock rebound might bode well for bitcoin

A ​recovery in U.S. stocks on Monday may also signal a renewed appetite among investors for risky assets, which would include bitcoin. The cryptocurrency’s sell-off last week came as a rise U.S. Treasury bond yields prompted concerns the Federal Reserve might soon tighten monetary policy. Bitcoin has benefited over the past year from unusually loose monetary policy.

The yield on 10-year Treasury notes, the benchmark borrowing cost in global debt markets, dropped to 1.43% on Monday, which has eased some investors’ nerves on potential tightened monetary policies.

Read more: Investing in Cryptocurrencies Is ‘Not Prudent,’ Says New York Attorney General

As crypto trading data firm Skew wrote in a tweet last Friday, the correlation between stocks and bitcoin rose last week because both markets lost altitude as bond yields climbed.

“Let’s see how this evolves,” Bendik Norheim Schei, head of research at Arcane Research, told CoinDesk. “A break above $52,000 would be encouraging but I would not be surprised if we get some more ranging. It’s been a good start of the week in traditional markets and if last week’s uncertainty is over, I expect bitcoin to continue up as well.”

Ether joins bitcoin in price recovery

Ether (ETH), the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was up Monday, trading around $1,520.44 and climbing 7.26% in 24 hours as of 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET).

Ether continued to move in tandem with bitcoin, yet a key market indicator has shown some potential risks of ether’s price movement going forward.

According to Skew, Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE) premium flipped negative last week, meaning the trust was trading at a discount to the spot price, the first time ETHE ever closed in negative territory.

“Our worry is the many players using Grayscale Bitcoin Trust and ETHE as part of their cash-and-carry strategy and whether a sustained discount there will have severe knock-on effects across the curve,” QCP Capital wrote in its Telegram channel on Sunday. “This is our risk going into March.”

Grayscale is owned by Digital Currency Group, CoinDesk’s parent company.

Read more: Cardano Becomes a Multi-Asset Blockchain With Today’s Hard Fork

Other markets

Digital assets on the CoinDesk 20 are mostly in green Monday. Notable winners as of 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET):

Notable losers:

Equities:

Commodities:

  • Oil was down 1.82%. Price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude: $60.38.
  • Gold was in the red 0.52% and at $1723.43 as of press time.

Treasurys:

  • The 10-year U.S. Treasury bond yield climbed Monday to 1.435%.
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Cardano Becomes a Multi-Asset Blockchain With Today’s Hard Fork

5 years 7 months ago

The Cardano blockchain, which runs the ADA token, will become a multi-asset chain with its hard fork today.

Named “Mary,” the hard fork will allow users to create tokens that run on Cardano natively, just as ADA does. Enabling new tokens was one of the first big use cases that caught on for Ethereum, enabling 2017’s multi-billion dollar initial coin offering splurge.

In a video update previewing the hard fork, Charles Hoskinson, founder of IOHK, the company behind Cardano, called the move “historic.” 

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

Hoskinson said that for node operators, the transition should be fairly simple. They just need to update their software and everything should work well. “We’ve been testing it for almost a month, and the test looks good. Exchanges are happy,” he said in the video.

Enabling new tokens is a step on the path to full smart-contract functionality. 

Cardano recently became the third-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization. Besides founding IOHK, Hoskinson was previously a co-founder of Ethereum and also of BitShares, with Dan Larimer.

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Cardano’s ADA Token Tripled in February to Outperform CoinDesk 20

5 years 7 months ago

Cardano, a smart-contract blockchain aiming to rival market leader Ethereum, tripled in February to dominate performance rankings among the CoinDesk 20 digital assets.   

The gains came during a bullish month across the board for cryptocurrencies, with bitcoin (BTC), the largest, posting a 36% return. Ether (ETH), the second-biggest and the native token of the Ethereum blockchain, climbed 7.4% on the month.  

But it was Cardano and other Ethereum alternatives that topped the rankings. Aside from the 274% gain for Cardano’s ADA token, the ATOM token from Cosmos rose 122%, based on CoinDesk pricing. 

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

Cardano’s gains were so impressive that its market capitalization climbed to about $40 billion, becoming the third-most-valuable digital asset and vaulting past cryptocurrencies like bitcoin cash (BCH) and litecoin (LTC) that had led the industry standings in recent years. XRP, the token used in Ripple Labs’ payment network, fell 15% on the month.

ADA climbed to a new all-time high of $1.49 on Feb. 27, topping the peak price of $1.30 reached in early 2018 at the tail end of the last bull market for cryptocurrencies.

The ebullience in the market for ADA might eventually contend with some of the network’s realities. While touted as an “Ethereum competitor,” Cardano doesn’t as yet have any smart-contract functionality. Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK), the developer team behind the blockchain, has taken a long-term approach to developing the network. For example, Cardano only recently transitioned out of the hands of IOHK and into the community’s control with July’s “Shelley” hard fork.

The “Mary” hard fork scheduled for today will allow users to create new tokens that run on Cardano natively, just as ADA does.

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

Goguen is the next hard fork on the docket for IOHK CEO and Ethereum co-founder Charles Hoskinson. That upgrade should occur in the first half of 2021 and should introduce smart contracts, the team claims.

That being said, it’s likely that unit bias – when investors buy a cheaper alternative asset given its lower price against more established ones  – is coming into play for the cryptocurrency given its low price per unit compared to other cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, ether or even Polkadot’s DOT. 

Read More: Cardano’s ADA Is Now the Third-Largest Cryptocurrency by Market Cap

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DeFi Money Market Compound Embraces Multi-Chain Future With ‘Gateway’ Testnet

5 years 7 months ago

The Gateway testnet – the next home for decentralized finance (DeFi) money market Compound – is now live.

The Substrate-based blockchain is fully embracing interoperability, where application developers build on every base layer and not just Ethereum, Compound Finance founder Robert Leshner said in a phone interview.

“Gateway is really designed for a multi-chain future where assets live on multiple blockchains and where decentralized finance applications and logic runs on multiple blockchains as well,” Leshner said.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

The project was first laid out in a December 2020 white paper under the name Compound Chain with specific reference to catering to central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). It’s currently available via Ethereum’s Ropsten testnet.

“Ethereum might be the core of where most applications and assets live, but there are going to be popular DeFi applications on other chains and there are going to be popular assets issued on other chains. Gateway is designed to connect Ethereum between different blockchains so users can move value between them more easily,” he added.

Leshner said Gateway will be able to port assets from one blockchain to another using Gateway specific bridges called “starports.” An Ethereum starport is now active on testnet, he said, with the community responsible for adding further bridges. He expects the testnet to run for two months before fully launching.

As on off-shoot of Compound, Gateway will be governed by the same COMP token first released in June 2020. The same rights and responsibilities associated with the token accrue to owners on Gateway, such as the ability to add new assets. Yet, as Substrate-based blockchain, Gateway will have increased functionality given its highly modular design, Leshner said. 

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

“When there’s a new version of the blockchain, there is not a hard fork,” Leshner said of Gateway’s flexibility. “You can update the chain in real time … whenever that code is ready.”

Big picture

Through Gateway, Compound Finance could become the keystone to an envisioned “multi-chain future” where Ethereum quite simply isn’t enough to handle a new financial system. Ethereum-compatible chains like NEAR, Polkdaot, Solana and now Gateway are bets on this hypothesis coming true.

Gateway, Leshner said, “is designed to be a cross-chain tool and not a scaling tool.” The new chain will someday provide a bridge for assets without demanding token wrapping or other piecemeal shortcuts for getting blockchains to talk to each other.

Layer 2 solutions like rollups are important, Leshner said, but miss the point on what a multi-chain future is trying to accomplish. Having different chains means different rule sets can talk with each other and exchange value. With rollups, you still operate under Ethereum’s governance structure.

“We love all these scaling solutions for Ethereum. All of those are going to make Ethereum cheaper and more usable and that’s a good thing,” he said. “We’ve looked at all those solutions but they don’t really achieve what we want to do

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Goldman Sachs Relaunching Crypto Trading Desk After 3-Year Pause

5 years 7 months ago

Investment bank Goldman Sachs has relaunched its cryptocurrency trading desk after a three-year hiatus and plans to once again support bitcoin futures trading, a source familiar with the matter confirmed to CoinDesk. Contrary to an earlier report by Reuters, the source said the service would resume in mid-March, not next week.

The desk is part of a broader push into digital assets that may see Goldman attempt to stage a bitcoin exchange-traded fund, Reuters said. It will be a part of Goldman’s U.S. Global Markets division.

The bank had originally planned to launch a crypto desk in 2017 but shelved those plans in 2018 due to regulatory concerns.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

CoinDesk reported in January that Goldman was looking to re-enter the cryptocurrency industry, including with a custody offering, within the coming months.

The move follows fellow megabank BNY Mellon announcing last month a crypto custody service, reportedly in partnership with Fireblocks. Once BNY Mellon is holding bitcoin on clients’ behalf, it may roll out additional services, the bank suggested in an interview with CoinDesk.

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Investing in Cryptocurrencies Is ‘Not Prudent,’ Says New York Attorney General

5 years 7 months ago

Warning of the “extreme risks” of cryptocurrencies, New York State Attorney General Letitia James published a statement Monday saying investing in digital assets is “not prudent.”

James’ tweet comes after her office released an “alert to investors” of the risks involved in cryptocurrency markets. The memo includes risks such as “underlying value is highly subjective and unpredictable,” “increased risk of market manipulation,” and potential difficulties in cashing out of investments.

The warning to investors comes amid strong interest from retail investors who are contributing significantly to bitcoin‘s ongoing rally and are matched with increasing demand from institutional and corporate buyers, per CoinDesk previous reporting.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

The Attorney General had a message for industry participants, too. After suing investment application Coinseed and settling an inquiry with Tether and Bitfinex, James said Monday, “We’re sending a clear message to the entire industry that you either play by the rules or we will shut you down.”

A spokesperson did not immediately return a request for comment.

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Fidelity’s Head of Global Macro Says Bitcoin May Have Place in Some Portfolios

5 years 7 months ago

The bullishness shown by Fidelity Investments’ cryptocurrency-focused arm appears to be spreading to the rest of the investments giant, with Director of Global Macro Jurrien Timmer now comparing bitcoin directly to gold.

  • Timmer told investors in a February research note that bitcoin may be emerging as a legitimate hedge against inflation and stable store of value as a form of “digital gold.” “In my view, bitcoin has gone mainstream.”
  • What’s noteworthy here is Timmer is not part of the investment giant’s digital assets arm that is, almost by remit, disposed to be pro-crypto. Instead, he’s part of the broader company and his pro-bitcoin report speaks to the cryptocurrency’s increasingly warm welcome on Wall Street.
  • Grappling with how to model the cryptocurrency, Timmer noted that, if evaluated against simple supply and demand metrics, demand continues to grow “exponentially” while supply remains fixed. That scenario does not apply to gold, whose annual production has remained steady over time. “Bitcoin supply, by design, is finite.”
  • He said the monetary environment naturally favors bitcoin. “With interest rates close to zero – or negative – and central banks printing money like there’s no tomorrow, is it any wonder that bitcoin seems to be having its day?”
  • While Timmer admitted bitcoin’s risks – including volatility – may not amount to a “prudent” investment choice for all, he said it could nonetheless find a home in the bonds slice for certain portfolios. “For those investors, the question of bitcoin may no longer be ‘whether’ but ‘how much?'”
  • He also said that he expects bitcoin “over time” will take more market share from gold.
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Bitcoin Artist Concludes 12-City Billboard Exhibit With $10,000 Bitcoin Treasure Hunt

5 years 7 months ago

Off a busy highway in a blue-collar neighborhood just outside San Francisco, a billboard emblazoned with a giant $1 bill overlooks the city’s cracked asphalt. But as you notice from the hooded George Washington on the bill, the billboard houses no ordinary dollar. In fact, this altered dollar is the start of a $10,000 treasure hunt.

The billboard is one of a series of 12 and is the latest artwork from pseudonymous Bitcoin artist Cryptograffiti. 

Part visual, part performance art, the exhibition takes place in each of the 12 Federal Reserve branch cities: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco and St. Louis. Every billboard, a variation of Cryptograffiti’s “United Nodes of Bitcoin” piece, bears its own unique statement.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

Each epigraph is an aphorism, shibboleth or call to action that will be familiar to most bitcoiners. The artist told CoinDesk the work is meant to draw attention to bitcoin in areas where he believes it’s needed most: low-income neighborhoods. 

Hosting it in Federal Reserve branch cities is part of the message. And given bitcoin’s current bull market, he wants to make sure this message is conveyed before bitcoin’s price runs aways from his target audience.

“We’re seeing the price go up a bunch and I don’t want to see the everyday citizen get left behind. We need to teach as many people as possible about what this is about,” Cryptograffiti told CoinDesk.. 

“Try and do something that brings attention to it by making a statement with magnitude in the Fed’s backyards and redirect the viewers back to bitcoin and educate them that they may be held back by the Fed’s policies. It’s more than just the billboard.”

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

And behind this “more” – the message of the artwork – is something more still: a 0.21 BTC prize.

Bitcoin treasure hunt

The last billboard’s opening kicked off the treasure hunt.

Cryptograffiti scrawled the first clue to a private key for 0.21 BTC on the billboard, and he’s been posting clues under the tweet thread to the rest of the private key every day since. He told CoinDesk he thinks the key will finally be swept sometime this week (there’s already an active Discord server on the case).

The part-puzzle, part-artwork is part and parcel for Cryptograffiti, a pseudonymous bitcoin artist whose projects typically infuse bitcoin’s cryptographic themes and symbolism with charity and activism. 

His past artworks include a live charity auction for Venezuelan orphans whereby bids triggered the physical dismantling of a Nicolas Maduro portrait made of bolivars, and a tiny black swan piece made of U.S. dollars that sold for less than a penny using the Lightning Network.

For his largest project yet, he chose his United Nodes of Bitcoin dollar art for this because of the effect the same artwork had in 2016 at an art exhibit in the Digital Garage co-working space in San Francisco, he told CoinDesk.

“Everyone would just gravitate toward the dollar. It’s a familiarity thing and people like money and want money. So I would use it to teach them about bitcoin,” he said, adding that bitcoin keywords like “nodes” and “public address” on the art are good educational jumping-off points.

Cryptograffiti recently finished the artwork for the backside of the piece in anticipation of the 12-city exhibit. Prints for this artwork completely financed the rent space for the billboards, which ranges in price from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars a month, depending on the city.

A ‘Trojan horse’ for bitcoin

By couching the bitcoin message in something so familiar and desirable, he said, the art is something of a Trojan horse for inspiring interest in bitcoin to the uninitiated.

“It tends to be a curious introduction. The reactions very much mirror the people who saw the original in 2015 in Digital Garage. Very Uncle Ned saying, ‘What is THIS all about?’

“I wanted to take what I learned about inflation and the wealth gap and try to put it in a project that would grab attention, not just in real life but online too.”

An augmented-reality portion of the artwork brings these inflationary themes to life. Co-developed with fellow crypto artist Josie Bellini, this AR component presents the billboard’s dollar bill as a graph that illustrates the erosion of the dollar’s purchasing power over time.

More bitcoin art, less bitcoin jargon

This animation is the billboard’s most dynamic feature, and it lays out the art’s message clearly.

Cryptograffiti told CoinDesk that, as much as the dollar is a Trojan horse for bitcoin, so bitcoin art exhibitions are something like a symposium. The art may make bitcoin more palatable to outsiders, who otherwise would find nothing emotionally resonant to connect to the otherwise-perceived cold, technical world of bitcoin.

“Since it’s artistic, it makes people more open to asking questions. They can have more real conversations than if it’s a more jargon focused approach,” Crypografitti said. As such, he believes that artists and the like are “a sign of health for the community.”

As bitcoin and other coins have seen increased valuations over the past year, crypto-related art has been selling red-hot alongside them. Ethereum-based non-fungible tokens are posting auction prices north of $1 million and bitcoin artists have been using new platforms like Scarce.city to auction their art for bitcoin.

Cryptograffiti’s art puzzle draws on a long tradition of bitcoin giveaways embedded in art as a way to drum up enthusiasm for the now trillion dollar asset. It’s easier to draw eyeballs these days, Cryptograffiti said, and his latest work has already raised questions about if he’d extend it to other parts of the country, like rural America.

The artist didn’t want to reveal too many additional details, but he did say that there’s enough momentum behind the project at this point that it’s “a possibility.”

“This could turn into something bigger.”

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Bitcoin Heads Back Toward $50K, Rebounding From Disastrous Week

5 years 7 months ago

Bitcoin (BTC) started the month on a positive note, jumping more than 8% to about $49,000 after a price plunge last week that was the biggest since the coronavirus wrecked markets early last year.

The gains came amid fresh signs of adoption of digital-asset technologies. Citigroup, one of the biggest U.S. banks, wrote that bitcoin was at a “tipping point” as more institutions adopt the cryptocurrency. Google Finance added a data tab on cryptocurrencies. And Michael Saylor’s MicroStrategy, which has been a big bitcoin buyer via its corporate treasury, added another 328 BTC (worth $15 million), bringing the company’s hoard to 90,859.

The cryptocurrency’s price fell 21% in the seven days through Sunday, the biggest weekly drop since March 2020. Investors fretted that rising U.S. government-bond yields might signal heightened prospects for inflation, which could theoretically lead to an early unwinding of monetary stimulus by the Federal Reserve. Central bank stimulus has fueled concerns of inflation over the past year, and many big investors say that bitcoin might serve as a hedge against rising consumer prices.  

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

The top cryptocurrency still managed to gain 36% in February, the fifth straight monthly gain. That’s the longest such winning streak since June 2019, according to CoinDesk 20 data. 

The February gain could have been much higher had the cryptocurrency stayed resilient to last week’s instability in traditional markets. 

Bitcoin fell from record highs above $58,000 to as low as $43,000 in the seven days to Feb. 28, as the U.S. 10-year yield jumped to 12-month highs, above 1.6%, sending stock markets lower. 

More important, the Fed funds futures – financial contracts that represent the market opinion of where the daily official federal funds rate will be at various expiries – brought forward the timing of the first interest rate hike to the end of 2022 from 2024, diluting the appeal of so-called store-of-value assets such as bitcoin and gold. 

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

According to Citi analysts, markets are now pricing in an 80% chance of a Fed 25 basis point rate hike to 0.25% by December 2022. Meanwhile, as per the French bank Societé Generale, markets are now foreseeing interest rates at 2% in five years, while most Fed members expect rates to be unchanged from current levels at the end of 2023, according to projections released in January. 

Even so, bitcoin has bounced to $48,400 today, representing a 7% gain on the day. Some analysts say the cryptocurrency’s pullback may not be over yet. 

“We think there’s still room for more weakness ahead and would caution against expectations that the bottom is in,” Joel Kruger, currency strategist at LMAX Digital, told CoinDesk. “At the moment, the biggest risk to bitcoin is the short-term risk associated with a downturn in U.S. and global equities.”

Trader and analyst Alex Kruger said the cryptocurrency’s pullback has ended for now, and prices could rise this week; however, a fresh drop can be seen later if the Fed fails to keep yields under control. 

Also read: Citi: Bitcoin at ‘Tipping Point’ as Institutions Come on Board 

With President Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion stimulus package on the road to being approved in the Congress, both yields and odds of an early rate hike could continue to rise weakening demand for bitcoin and gold, more so, if Friday’s U.S. jobs report for the month of February shows substantial growth.

“Signs that the central banks are winding down their support might lead to more interest from institutional investors in re-allocating their capital back to the traditional equity and bond markets in the expectation of more volatility and investment opportunity. Dampening (sic) institutional enthusiasm would remove a key source of support to [b]itcoin and potentially the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem, thus pushing it back to its more speculative roots,” Citi analysts said in their recently published 108-page report “Bitcoin – At The Tipping Point.”

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Crypto Crime Siphoned Off Nearly $10.5B in 2020: Research

5 years 7 months ago

Financial crime related to cryptocurrency reaped nearly $10.5 billion last year – slightly down from 2019, according to research from blockchain analytics company Coinfirm.

  • Provided to CoinDesk on Monday, Coinfirm’s report said, of the $10.5 billion total, over two-thirds (67.8%) was misappropriated by fraud and scams.
  • That’s seven times more than hacks, which reaped 9.6% of the 2020 total of ill-gotten gains.
  • Darknet markets and the drugs trade made up 18.4%, while sanctions breaches accounted for just 3.9% of the yearly total.
  • However, the firm notes that the crypto total still pales in comparison to EY’s estimate that crime in traditional finance amounted to $1.4-3.5 trillion last year.
  • The data showed most notably that scams saw a sharp rise for 2020, in part due to the PlusToken scam which fleeced investors for around $2.9 billion.
  • However, fund misappropriated by frauds and scams have doubled since 2017, per the report.
  • The company further noted that much crypto crime is hidden, with 80% of fraud and hack cases not reported in the year they occur and up to 50% not reported at all.
  • It arrived at the data having developed a “map” of global crypto crime through its own methodologies and services.

See also: Cryptopia Exchange, Currently in Liquidation, Gets Hacked Again: Report

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Canada’s CoinSmart Crypto Exchange Raises $3.5M for European Expansion

5 years 7 months ago

Canada-based cryptocurrency exchange CoinSmart has announced the closing of a CAD$4.5 million (roughly US$3.5 million) seed funding round.

CoinSmart, owned by Simply Digital Technologies, told CoinDesk in a statement Monday the investment was raised earlier this year through the issuance of interest-bearing convertible debentures, a type of debt instrument. Investors in the round were not disclosed.

The funding will be used to expand CoinSmart’s platform into European markets and support operational changes. It will also help Simply Digital Technologies prepare for a planned reverse takeover ahead of a hoped-for public listing on the TSX Venture Exchange, said the firm.

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

Read more: Canadian Bank Launching Fiat-Backed Digital Currency in Claimed World First

Enabling its European expansion, CoinSmart said it has obtained a Financial Intelligence Unit license issued in Estonia.

“CoinSmart’s fundamental mission is to make cryptocurrency accessible for people of all experience levels,” said CoinSmart CEO Justin Hartzman. “We’re excited about the ways in which crypto can help streamline payments within Europe’s financial system and subsequently better serve and protect our customers.”

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Gab, Refuge for the Deplatformed, Hacked for ‘Pretty Much Everything’ Including Trump Data

5 years 7 months ago

Gab, the controversial social media platform favored by right-wing users, has had 70 GB of data hacked and handed to Distributed Denial of Secrets, a whistle-blower site sometimes referred to as a successor to WikiLeaks.

  • Distributed Denial of Secrets founder Emma Best said the hacked data contains public posts, profiles and hashed passwords, as well as private account posts and messages.
  • “It contains pretty much everything on Gab, including user data and private posts, everything someone needs to run a nearly complete analysis on Gab users and content,” Best wrote in a message to Wired.
  • Data of former U.S. President Donald J. Trump’s account is included in the data hoard, according to an archived post by Gab CEO Andrew Torba (WARNING: Contains offensive language).
  • In a blog post Friday, Torba told users the company is undertaking a “full security audit” and cast doubt on the extent of the data stolen.
  • “Gab collects very little from our users in terms of personal information,” he wrote. “It is entirely possible for a user of the site to be unidentifiable based on the information they provide at login. … [and] we have no indication that e-mail addresses were compromised.”
  • The data was siphoned from Gab’s servers by a hacktivist identified as “JaXpArO and My Little Anonymous Revival Project” in an attempt to expose the platform’s right-wing users, WIRED said.
  • Distributed Denial of Secrets said it is offering the data to journalists and researchers for analysis, but is not making it public over privacy concerns.
  • Trump had set up a Gab account after being suspended from Twitter in early January. Gab’s rank among websites globally has climbed from 7,119 to 1,834 in the last 90 days, according to Amazon’s Alexa, possibly reflecting an influx of fringe voices banned or frustrated by larger platforms’ moderation policies.

See also: UK Crypto Exchange EXMO Offline Amid DDoS Attack

Update (March 1, 15:20 UTC): Added link and quotes from Gab blog post about extent of breach and Alexa data.

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USV Leads Round in Matter Labs as Ethereum Scaling Wars Intensify

5 years 7 months ago

The team behind Ethereum speed booster zkSync has closed a Series A funding round led by Fred Wilson’s Union Square Ventures (USV) as the race between Ethereum scaling solutions tightens.

Matter Labs, which first released its zero-knowledge rollup (ZK-rollup) product in December 2019, raised an undisclosed sum with limited partners “to preserve the dominance of the community share in the future zkSync network,” Matter Labs CEO Alex Gluchowski told CoinDesk in a Telegram message.

“The crypto community will strongly prefer solutions with the least compromises on security, decentralization and [user experience],” the startup said in a blog post shared in advance with CoinDesk. “This is what makes ZK-rollup tech so important. It relies on pure cryptography rather than game-theoretic mechanisms, and is thus the only scaling approach with no upper bound on the value it can securely handle in L2.”

Related: Why Banks Are More Serious About Crypto Than Ever

The round was joined by a host of cryptocurrency projects that are considering adding zkSync, including Coinbase, Aave, Curve Finance, CoinGecko and Balancer, among others. The round also included venture capital firms Placeholder, 1kx and Dragonfly Capital. 

Gluchowski said numerous cryptocurrency wallets are in various stages of integrating zkSync, including Argent. Crypto exchange partners are likely to integrate the tech directly as well, he said.

War for L2?

The funding round comes at a time when historic gas fees have plagued the leading blockchain for decentralized applications. For example, a simple transfer on Ethereum cost up to $40 last week. Rollups are considered the prime method addressing this issue – at least in the short term until Ethereum 2.0 is fully developed. 

Rollups are off-chain batches of transactions that settle as one transaction on a base layer. They come in two forms: zero-knowledge (ZKR) and Optimistic (ORU). The former rely on a mathematical proof to settle the lump payment without committing fraud. Optimistic rollups rely on a slashable bond and validators who watch for fraud.

Related: Mining Bitcoin for Heat, Strawberries and Chickens

A chief distinction between ORU and ZKR has been the latter’s limited interoperability with virtual machines. Yet, Matter Labs has “found a way to make ZK-rollups EVM-compatible in a very efficient way” using another privacy tech called “recursive PLONK,” Gluchowski said. A solution to this issue could make ZK-rollups a more favorable solution for decentralized applications (dapps).

Optimism is the most well known proponent of ORU. The firm also recently closed a round, booking $25 million in a Series B led by Andreessen Horowitz (a16z).

Gluchowski said Matter Labs is singularly focused on zkSync, and not other “L2 bridges” like Matic’s new Polygon Network. “We’re focused on zkSync as the single [layer 2] network, because you can only get seamless composability within the same L2,” he said.

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MicroStrategy Keeps Stacking Sats With Additional $15M Bitcoin Buy

5 years 7 months ago

MicroStrategy (MSTR) still isn’t done buying bitcoin, although its latest purchase is significantly smaller than usual.

  • The business intelligence firm announced its purchase of an additional 328 BTC for $15 million in cash on Monday.
  • The business intelligence company’s latest investment comes less than a week after it spent over $1 billion on bitcoin.
  • To date, MicroStrategy hold 90,859 BTC with an average purchase price of $24,063.
  • That total is worth around $4.38 billion on the market at press time.
  • CEO Michael Saylor tweeted the holdings had been bought for around $2.186 billion, meaning the firm is already sitting on a roughly $2 billion profit.

See also: Corporate Treasuries Are Figuring Out Bitcoin on the Balance Sheet

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Bitcoin Risks ‘Spiraling Price’ on Environment, Regulatory Concerns: BCA Research

5 years 7 months ago

Canada-based global investment research firm BCA Research has pointed to several factors that pose a long-term threat to bitcoin‘s price. 

The energy-intensive nature of bitcoin mining and potential regulatory hurdles could hamper bitcoin’s progress to the point where the cryptocurrency could end up “losing most its value over time,” BCA Research said, according to a Bloomberg report on Monday. 

According to Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, bitcoin’s annualized electricity consumption now equals Argentina’s annual carbon footprint.

Related: Gab, Refuge for the Deplatformed, Hacked for ‘Pretty Much Everything’ Including Trump Data

A Bloomberg article recently called bitcoin mining a “dirty business,” though CoinDesk columnist Nic Carter called the analysis “flawed.” And U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said last month that bitcoin is a “highly speculative asset” and an “extremely inefficient” way to conduct monetary transactions. 

BCA Research’s chief market strategist, Peter Berezin, wrote in the report released Friday that the expense and slowness of bitcoin transactions make it “unsuitable as a medium of exchange,” further warning that environmental, social, and governance-focused (ESG) funds are likely to shun companies associated with the top cryptocurrency. 

“As ESG funds start to flee [b]itcoin, its price will begin a downward spiral. Stay away,” Berezin noted. 

According to the research firm, governments will work against bitcoin in a bid to avoid losing billions of dollars in revenue from seigniorage – the difference between the face value of money and the cost to produce it.

Related: USV Leads Round in Matter Labs as Ethereum Scaling Wars Intensify

Also read: Crypto Long & Short: How Coinbase Going Public Is Reshaping Trust in Markets 

But Berezin’s warning is likely overblown, as major listed U.S. firms have been betting on bitcoin in recent months as a way to hedge against inflation and a devaluing dollar. Most notably, U.S. electric car maker Tesla, a Fortune 500 company, disclosed a $1.5 billion bitcoin investment last month, raising hopes of more widespread corporate involvement. 

Meanwhile, regulatory frameworks for crypto assets are seen as a positive for institutional adoption, and only a few nations have, or are planning to bring in, extreme restrictions on digital currencies.

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Inner Mongolia to Shut Down Crypto Mining Industry: Report

5 years 7 months ago

Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China, is banning cryptocurrency mining, according to a Bloomberg report on Monday.

  • The region plans to force cryptocurrency mining projects to close by April, according to a draft plan posted online by the Inner Mongolia Development and Reform Commission on Feb. 25.
  • Inner Mongolia is known for inexpensive energy supplies and accounts for 8% of the global bitcoin mining hash rate, according to the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, per the report.
  • China’s National Development and Reform Commission previously criticized Inner Mongolia for failing to control energy consumption in 2019.
  • The region now aims to reduce emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 3% this year, with the goal to constrain growth in energy consumption to about 1.9% in 2021.
  • Chinese officials first came up with proposals to discourage cryptocurrency mining in Inner Mongolia as far back as 2018.
  • Back in 2019, “illegal” bitcoin mining businesses faced a clampdown by authorities.

Read more: Chinese Companies That Have Nothing to Do With Crypto Are Pivoting to Mining

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Citi: Bitcoin at ‘Tipping Point’ as Institutions Come on Board

5 years 7 months ago

Bitcoin is at the “tipping point of its existence” thanks to large institutional investment and growing regulatory groundwork, according to a new report by Citi obtained by CoinDesk.

While the perception of the cryptocurrency varies greatly, it is undoubtedly the inspiration for a blockchain-based economy and has created a new decentralized cryptocurrency market, according to the paper by Citi Global Perspectives and Solutions (GPS), the bank’s “thought leadership” arm.

Citi describes Bitcoin as blockchain’s “North Star,” owing to its core innovations that formed the building blocks that launched the ecosystem. Whether or not it cedes this status to stablecoins or central banks digital currencies (CBDCs) depends on how it is able to deal with inefficiencies relating to speed, scale and so on.

Related: Gab, Refuge for the Deplatformed, Hacked for ‘Pretty Much Everything’ Including Trump Data

It will also be significant whether institutional interest cools as life returns to normal post-COVID-19 and inflationary fears abate. “Dampening institutional enthusiasm would remove a key source of support to Bitcoin and potentially the broader ecosystem, thus pushing it back to its more speculative roots,” the bank paper argues.

Citi’s conclusion references the oft-repeated quote by Arthur Schopenhauer: “All truth passes through three stages: First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as self-evident.”

“The fact that this progressions has occurred in just over a decade makes Bitcoin remarkable regardless of it future,” the report concludes.

Looking forward, the report suggests bitcoin could “become the currency of choice for international trade,” thanks to its “decentralized design, lack of foreign exchange exposure, fast (and potentially cheaper) money movements, secure payment channels, and traceability.”

Related: USV Leads Round in Matter Labs as Ethereum Scaling Wars Intensify

See also: Citigroup Helping World Governments Build Digital Currencies, CEO Says

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India’s Central Bank Sees Pros and Cons With National Digital Currency

5 years 7 months ago

The Reserve Bank of India sees a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as a double-edged sword that could promote financial inclusion, but also undermine commercial banks’ role in the economy.

In a report released Friday, the central bank said, “CBDC can be designed to promote non-anonymity at the individual level, monitor transactions, promote financial inclusion by direct benefit fiscal transfer, pumping central bank ‘helicopter money’ and even direct public consumption to a select basket of goods and services to increase aggregate demand and social welfare.”

Helicopter money refers to distributing large sums of money directly into consumers’ bank accounts to support the economy during times of stress, such as the recent coronavirus crisis. Observers told CoinDesk last year that CBDCs could speed money transfers to consumers, but also spur inflation.

Related: Gab, Refuge for the Deplatformed, Hacked for ‘Pretty Much Everything’ Including Trump Data

According to the RBI, an interest-bearing CBDC would improve an economy’s ability to respond to changes in the policy interest rate and enhance monetary policy transmission.

In emerging markets with large-scale capital inflows, a CBDC can act as an instrument of “sterilization,” alleviating the constraint posed by a finite stock of government securities on the central bank balance sheet, it said.

The RBI, however, cautioned that a CBDC could lead to banking sector disintermediation.

“CBDC is, however, not an unmixed blessing – it poses a risk of disintermediation of the banking system, more so if the commercial banking system is perceived to be fragile,” per the report.

Related: USV Leads Round in Matter Labs as Ethereum Scaling Wars Intensify

“The public can convert their CASA (current account savings account) deposits with banks into CBDC, thereby raising the cost of bank-based financial intermediation with implications for growth and financial stability,” the regulator said. Thus, banks may lose importance as the primary channel through with monetary policy is implemented.

In simple terms, the public may hold large sums of an interest-bearing CBDC, forcing commercial banks to raise interest paid on deposits to retain customers. In turn, banks would either experience tightening of margins or have to charge higher interest rates on loans, as previously noted by the International Monetary Fund.

The RBI report also expressed concerns over CBDC designs promoting anonymity, as they could potentially aid money laundering and terrorism financing.

The Indian government is currently considering a bill that would facilitate development of a CBDC and ban “private cryptocurrencies.”

Also read: Debate Rages on Whether a Digital Dollar Will Unleash Inflation

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