Chinaâs push to roll out a digital version of its yuan isnât likely to end the U.S. dollarâs century-long reign as the dominant currency for international payments and central-bank reserves. But it could make a dent.Â
Thatâs the conclusion of foreign-exchange analysts at Bank of America, who argue that a Chinese digital currency might be welcomed by regional trading partners as payments become increasingly electronic.
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China appears well ahead of the U.S. in developing a central-bank digital currency, or CBDC, the Bank of America analysts wrote in a June 30 report. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, who said last year that the U.S. central bank had ânot identified potential material benefitsâ of a general-purpose digital dollar, told Congress in June that officials are âworking hardâ on the issue.Â
Yet the Agricultural Bank of China, one of the nationâs four state-owned banking giants, is already trialing a test interface for the digital yuan, CoinDesk reported in April.Â
It goes without saying that the spread of the coronavirus has inspired a newfound repugnance for germy cash.Â
âChina seems likely to have a clear first-mover advantage in its adoption of CBDCs, both in terms of timing and usage,â the Bank of America analysts wrote. A digital yuan could increase the Chinese currencyâs use in international commerce âeven if it doesnât immediately disrupt the USDâs dominant role in global finance.â
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The advent of digital-asset technologies has combined with the coronavirus-induced economic crisis to raise nagging questions about whether the dollarâs undisputed reign as the de facto global reserve currency might be due for a reckoning. The dollar accounts for some 62% of global central banksâ foreign-exchange reserves.Â
As reported by First Mover on Monday, the German lender Deutsche Bank wrote in a report last week that a reelection victory by U.S. President Donald Trump could undermine the dollarâs dominant role in the long term, given his willingness to spurn multilateral organizations like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.Â
Such organizations have played a key role in the post-World-War-II order that helped enshrine the dollarâs premier status. The U.S tender is closely watched in digital-asset markets, since itâs the most common price denomination for cryptocurrencies like bitcoinand ether , as well as the backing for a fast-growing breed of digital tokens known as stablecoins.
âThe present-day experience is more of discord and less in favor of multilateralism,â the analysts wrote. âWe are seeing more rivalry in areas such as trade and technological dominance.â
Itâs worth noting that China closely manages the yuanâs exchange rate against the dollar, so a digital version of the nationâs currency â also known as the renminbi, or RMB â could trade similar to a dollar-linked stablecoin.Â
China has struggled to increase its currencyâs usage in international commerce. Since, 2016, when the yuan was incorporated into an IMF international reserve asset, the Chinese currencyâs penetration of global foreign-exchange reserves has doubled to a paltry 2%, as noted by the Bank of America analysts. Â
Some 63% of Chinese banksâ cross-border claims are denominated in dollars, nearly identical to the proportion for U.S. lenders, the analysts wrote.Â
âThe internationalization of the RMB is happening, but the growth rate has been uneven and not as rapid as some may think,â according to the report.Â
The Bank of America report comes as Chinaâs digital yuan is attracting growing attention from top monetary economists and cryptocurrency-industry executives.Â
The dollarâs hegemony is also under question, following the foreign-exchange turmoil that has sent emerging-market currencies plunging this year, saddling the worldâs poorest countries with rising costs for imported consumer goods and elevated interest payments on international debt. Many bitcoin investors say the Federal Reserveâs roughly $3 trillion of money injections this year â with likely more to come â could end up debasing the dollarâs purchasing power.   Â
Jeremy Allaire, co-founder and CEO of Circle, which backs the dollar-linked stablecoin USDC, said on a podcast last week that Chinaâs development of a digital currency has effectively âcreated a model where a household, a firm, a nation state can kind of directly transact and settle with China over the internet,â effectively bypassing payment systems in the U.S. sphere of economic influence.
Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers, a guest on the podcast, said he doubted China would make it the digital yuan flexible enough to allow its citizens to freely move wealth and resources out of the country.Â
âAnd I think a system that is so restricted that it isnât possible to do that isnât going to be much of a global digital currency,â he said.
The Bank of America analysts noted that several Asian countries, including Thailand, Singapore and South Korea are assessing their own digital currencies, which might become integrated with yuan-based payment systems, âespecially if it entails significantly lower transaction costs and real-time transfers.âÂ
âUltimately, this is likely to be the actual (and more realistic) objective for China than a serious attempt to displace the USDâs status as the global reserve currency,â the analysts wrote.Â
It might be that the only serious threats to the dollarâs reign would come from within the U.S.
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Trend:Â Bitcoin is feeling the pull of gravity at press time, having faced rejection at key technical hurdle early on Tuesday.Â
After prices failed to cut through the 50-day moving average hurdle at $9,385 during the Asian trading hours, the cryptocurrency is now trading at $9,250, representing a 1% decline on the day.
The pullback from the 50-day MA hurdle has neutralized the immediate bullish view put forward by Mondayâs 3% gain.Â
Bitcoin jumped to $9,350 yesterday, confirming an upside break of the narrow trading range of $8,830â$9,300 seen in the nine days to July 5. In addition, Mondayâs price gains confirmed signals of potential gains from the repeated dip demand below $9,000 seen over the past two weeks.Â
A move above the 50-day MA of $8,385 would revive the bullish bias signaled by Mondayâs 3% rally and open the doors to $10,000.Â
On the downside, the weekly opening price of $9,077 is the level to defend for the bulls. A violation there could yield a quick drop to the 50-week MA at $8,632, with the 5- and 10-week MAs having produced a bearish crossover, the first since early March.Â
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